Draft and buffing rigging.



No. 803,413. 'PATENTED OCT. 31, 1905.

R. D. GALLAGHER, JR. DRAFT AND BUFFING RIGGING.

APPLICATION FILED DEG. 3,1902.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

PATENTED 001. 31, 1905. R. D. GALLAGHER, JR. DRAFT AND BUFFING RIGGING.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

M I A APPLICATION FILED DEC.3, 1902.

0" l VA Y l w J1 0 2M T.. R E H G A L L A G R um DRAFT AND BUPFINGRIGGING.

APPLICATION FILED DEO.3,1902.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

3 mm m fox UNITED sTA ns PATENT OFFICE.

RICHARD D. GALLAGHER, JR, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO STAND- ARDCOUPLER COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

DRAFT AND BUFFING RIGGING.

Specification of Letters Patent.

PatentedOct. 31, 1905.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, RICHARD D. GALLAGHER, Jr., of New York, in thecounty of New York, State of New York, have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in Draft and Buffing Rigging; and I do herebydeclare the following to be afull, clear, and exact description of thesame, reference being had to the accompanying drawings,forming a part ofthis specification, and to the letters of reference marked thereon.

This invention relates to improvements in draft and buffing rigging forrailway-cars, features of the invention, however, being applicable toany structure designed for the purpose of yieldingly resisting therelative movement of parts.

The objects of the invention are to provide a simple,easily-constructed, and easily-operated structure in which theresiliency of the resilient elements shall be so modified by frictionthat their resistance to compressive strains shall be greatly augmentedand their recoil reduced to a minimum.

The invention consists in certain novel details of construction andcombinations and arrangements of parts, all as will be now described,and pointed out particularly in the appended claims.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a horizontal sectionthrough a draft-rigging embodying the present improvements. Fig. 2 is anend elevation with one of the heads or followers removed, Fig.3 is aview corresponding to Fig. 1, showing a slightly-modified arrangementand with the stops and draw-bar and strap omitted. Fig. 4 is a sectionalelevation of the structure shown in Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is an elevation of astructure without an outer casing and with the outer helix in a singlelength. Fig. 6 is an elevation, partly in section and partly brokenaway, showing helices of modified cross-section.

Like letters of reference in the several figures indicate the sameparts.

In accordance with the present invention the main resilient elements andbetween which the major portion of the friction is created are resilienthelices, one or both of said helices being made in independent sections,the other helix, or a section thereof, bridging the space between theadjacent ends of the sections. The helices are nested one within theother with the convolutions alternated and lying helices or outside ofthe same or both inside and outside, which casings are preferablyresilient and split. In the preferred construction a duplicity of suchcasings are employed nested together, whereby when transverse stress inthe helices takes place friction will be created both between thehelices and casings and between the nested casings themselves.

Referring to Fig. 1, the letters A and A indicate the sections of aninner resilient helix, and B B B the sections of an outer helix. Each ofthe sections bridges the space between adjacent ends of the sections ofthe other helix, whereby when assembled they will properly position eachother, and the convolutions of the helices are alternated, each lyingpartially between and bridging the spaces between the convolutions ofthe other helix. Thus any movementof the convolutions toward each otherwill create stress transversely of the axis of the helix due to thefrictional engagement of the convolutions.

By making the helices in sections each section may expand or contractindependently of the other. Thus under expansion the proximate ends ofthe sections will separate, and under contraction they will approacheach other, and by properly gaging the length of the sections thefrictional resistance to such movements may be gaged.

In the preferred construction the cooperating or friction faces of theconvolutions are so formed that frictional resistance increases as themovement of compression progresses, for which purpose the frictionalfaces of one of said helices increases in angularity to the axis of thehelix toward that portion of the face last to contact under pressurelongitudinally of said axis. In Fig. I the helix A A has itsfriction-faces at a concaved, the portions of the faces with which thehelix B B B make initial contact lying most nearly in par allelism withthe axis of the helix, curving thence gradually to a position morenearly at right angles to such axis. Obviously the friction-face toaccomplish the desired result may be on either the inner or outer helix,and in Fig. 3 the faces a are shown on the outer helix.

To augment the resistance of the helices to pressure axially and tendingto close the convolutions, they may be confined by resilient casingswhich will be expanded or contracted by the expansion or contraction ofthe helices transversely of the axis. In Fig. 1 sectional casings C Care shown within and casings D D outside of the helices. The casings aresubstantially cylindrical, split, as shown in Fig. 2, and formed insections longitudinally of the helices. The casings are nested topresent extended frictional faces between which friction will be createdsufficient to materially increase the resistance. This may be furtherincreased and the parts operate to mutually retain each other inposition to better advantage by making the faces of the casingscorrugated or undulating. Thus the convolutions of the helices willnormally lie in the recesses with portions projecting more or lessbetween the convolutions, thus not only increasing the frictionalresistance, but causing an increased stress of the casings as theconvolutions are pressed together.

The helices, together with the casings, are preferably held betweenheads F F, the heads where it is desired to assemble the structure andmaintain the same as an entity being connected by a central bolt Gr, theends of which are located in recessed internal projections F to permitthe heads to move toward each other without obstruction. Prompt returnof the parts to normal after compressive strains is insured by a centralspring H acting directly on the heads.

As shown in Fig. 1, the casings are both separate from the heads, andusually sufficient space is left between the casings and heads andbetween the sections of the casings to allow for the full compressivemovement, the casings forming a final stop; but it is obvious that thecasings may be connected for movement with the heads to slidelongitudinally with relation to each other, the casings being pressedtogether by the transverse movement of the convolutions of the helices.Such an arrangement is shown in Figs. 3 and 4, where the casings I l aretelescoped together and are connected with the heads by studs 6 i. InFig. 4 is shown also the external appearance of an outer sectionalhelix, the ends of the sections being shown slightly separated.

In Fig. 5 is shown a structure wherein the outer helix B is in asinglelength, while the inner helix is in sections A A". The latter, however,do not extend to the ends of the helix B". Thus the said free ends ofthe latter will have the ordinary spring action and may be made to befirst compressed, giving a preliminary or initial soft spring resistancefollowed by the increased resistance due to the friction between theparts and the resistance due to the transverse stress of theconvolutions.

Fig. 6 illustrates plain split cylindrical casings K K and helicesformed of sections L, having somewhat less than a complete convolutionin each. The friction-faces in this instance are fiat when viewed insection taken longitudinally of the helix. Thus each helix presents theform of a wedge adapted to be forced back from between the convolutionsof the other helix by axial pressure, each being thus put undertransverse stress through the wedging action of the friction-faces.

It is preferred that the convolutions of the nested helices should be incontact; but in practice it is obvious that this is not essential, asthe frictional resistance will be inaugurated when such contact isestablished and will continue until the limit of movement is reached.

Obviously the shorter helices are rings distorted to form helices, andsuch rings may, as shown in Fig. 6, extend only substantially oncearound the device or, as shown in the other viewsFig. 5, for instancemayextend twice or more times around the device, and I do not wish to beunderstood as limiting myself to any particular length of the helices orrings.

The cross-sectional appearance of the easings in all of the formsillustrated will be readily understood from the end elevation, Fig. 2,-

and in operation it will be understood that the outside tubular casingexerts an inward pressure tending to resist any expansion of the outerspring and the tubular resilient casing on the inside exerts an outwardpressure on the inner surface of the inner coil tending to resist anycontraction or reduction in the diameter of said coil. Any constructionor expansion of the coils or any movement of the convolutions withrelation to each other (all of which movements occur in use) will causethe contacting faces of the coils and tubular elements or casings to rubon each other and create friction for the purposes hereinbefore setforth.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is

1. In an apparatus for the purpose specified, a resilient frictionmember formed of a plurality of resilient helices arranged end to endand a resilient helix bridging the space between the adjacent ends ofthe first-mentioned helices and with its convolutions partially betweenand bridging the spaces between the convolutions of the saidfirst-mentioned helices, whereby the convolutions of the helices are putunder transverse stress and friction created between the same bypressure axially of the helices; substantially as described.

2. In an apparatus for the purpose specified, a resilient frictionmember formed of a plurality of inner resilient helices arranged end toend and a plurality of outer helices arranged end to end,the said innerand outer helices bridging the spaces between the adjacent ends of theother respectively, and the convolutions forming the inner and outerhelices being located partially'between and bridging the spaces betweenthe convolutions of each other, whereby the convolutions are put undertransverse stress and friction created between the same by pressureaxially of the'helices; substantially as described.

3. In an apparatus for the purpose specified, the combination with theheads or followers, a plurality of resilient helices arranged end to endbetween said followers and a resilient helix nesting therewith andbridging the space between the adjacent ends of the first-mentionedhelices and with its convolutions partially between and bridging thespaces between the convolutions of the said firstmentioned helices,whereby the convolutions of the helices are put under transverse stressand friction created between the same by pres- .sure axially of thehelices; substantially as described.

4. In an apparatus for the purpose specified, a resilient frictionmember formed of resilient helices, nested one within the other, theconvolutions of one'helix lying partially between and bridging thespaces between the convolutions of the other helix, the surfaces of onehelix adapted to contact with the other helix being formed of increasedinclination to the axis of the helices in those portions last to contactwith the other helix under pressure axially of the helices;substantially as described.

5. In an apparatus for the purpose specified, a resilient frictionmember formed of resilient helicesnested one within the other, theconvolutions of one helix lying partially between and bridging thespaces between the convolutions of the other helix, the surfaces of onehelix adapted to contact with the other helix being formed on a curveincreasing in inclination to the axis of the helix in those portionslast to contact with the other helix under pressure axially of thehelices; substantially as described.

6. In an apparatus for the purpose specified, the combination with theresilient helices nested one within the other in position to effectfrictional engagement between the convolutions under axial pressure, ofa casing for preventing lateral displacement of the helices;substantially as described. I

7 In an apparatus for the purpose specified, the combination with theresilient helices, nested one within the other in position to effectfrictional engagement between the convolutions under axial pressure, ofa cylindrical casing surrounding the helices and heads between which thehelices are confined located at the ends of the casing; substantially asdescribed;

8. In an apparatus for the purpose specified, the combination with theresilient helices, nested one within the other in position to effectfrictional engagement between and transverse stress of the convolutionsunder axial pressure, of a resilient split cylindrical casing engagingone of said helices to resist transverse stress in said helix;substantially as described.

9. In an apparatus for the purpose specified, the combination with theresilient helices nested one within the other in position to effectfrictional engagement between and transverse stress of the convolutions,under axial pressure, of a resilient split cylindrical casingsurrounding the helices and cooperating with the outer helix to resisttransverse stress under pressure axially of the helices; substantiallyas described.

10. In an apparatus for the purpose specified, the combination with theresilient helices nested one within the other in position to effectfrictional engagement between and transverse stress of the convolutionsunder axial pressure, of a resilient split cylindrical casing formed insections longitudinally of the helices and adapted to resist transversestress of the helices; substantially as described.

11. The combination of a plurality of resilient helices of differentaxial lengths, nested one within the other in position to effectfrictional engagement between the convolutions under axial pressure.

12. In an apparatus for the purpose specitied, the combination with theresilient helices nested one within the other in position to effectfrictional engagement between and transverse stress of the convolutionsunder axial pressure, of a split cylindrical casing having its surfaceprojecting between the convolutions, whereby movements creating bothaxial and transverse stress in said helices is resisted by the casing;substantially as described.

13. In an apparatus, for the purpose specified, the combination with theresilient helices nested one within the other in position to effectfrictional engagement between and transverse stress of the convolutionsunder axial pressure, of a split cylindrical casing having its surfacecorrugated to project between the convolutions, whereby movementscreating both axial and transverse stress in said helices is resisted;substantially as described.

14. In an apparatus for the purpose specified, the combination with theresilient helices nested one within the other in position to effectfrictional engagement between andtrans verse stress of the convolutionsunder axial pressure, of a split cylindrical casing formed in sectionslongitudinally of the hellces and having its surface corrugated toproject bescribed.

&

15. In an apparatus for the purpose specified, the combination with theresilient helices nested one Within the other in position to effectfrictional engagement between and transverse stress of the convolutionsunder axial pressure, said helices being sectional and bridging thespaces between the ends of each other, of a casing for retaining saidhelices in proper relative positions; substantially as described.

16. In an apparatus for the purpose specified, the combination with theresilient helices nested one within the other in position to effectfrictional engagement between and transverse stress of the convolutionsunder axial pressure, of cylindrical casings between which said helicesare located; substantially between which said helices are locatedandwith which they engage when under trans verse stress; substantiallyas described.

18. In an apparatus for the purpose specified, the combination with theresilient helices nested one within the other in position to effectfrictional engagement between and transverse stress of the convolutionsunder axial pressure, of resilient cylindrical split casings betweenwhich said helices are confined, the surfaces of said casings beingcorrugated to enter between theconvolutions; substantially as described.

19. In an apparatus for the purpose specified, the combination with theresilient helices nested one within the other in position to effectfrictional engagement between and transverse stress of the convolutionsunder axial pressure, of resilient cylindrical split casings nested onewithin the other in frictional engagement and engaging the helices to beput under transverse stress by movements creating transverse stress insaid helices; substantially as described.

20. A friction device comprising a spring having a plurality ofcontinuous turns, and provided with a frictional face, in combinationwith a member having a frictional face which is yieldingly held incontact with the frictionface thereof.

21. In a draft and buffing apparatus, a main spring member having anendwise movement of compression and a transverse movement of expansionbetween the followers, and an auxiliary spring member in frictionalengagement with the first-mentioned spring member and having a lateralsliding motion on the said main spring as the latter expands andcontracts.

22. In a draft and buffing apparatus, a helical spring located betweenthe followers, and

an auxiliary helical spring, the successive convolutions of which are infrictional engagement with the main spring.

23. In a friction device, outer and inner coiled members each consistingof a series of coils, the frictional surfaces of both springs being incontact during the entire operation of the spring, substantially asdescribed.

24. In a friction device, outer and inner coiled members, one consistingof a continuous spring made up of a series of coils, and the otherconsisting of a succession of disconnected coils wound about thecontinuous spring, substantially as described.

25. In a friction device, outer and inner coiled members, eachconsisting of a series of coils, one of the coil members being of agreater sectional area than the other, substantially as described.

26. In a friction device, a spring member consisting of a series ofconnected coils, and one or more spring-coils in frictional engages mentwith the aforesaid spring member, substantially as described.

27. A friction device comprising, in combination, a continuous springprovided with friction-surfaces, and a plurality of frictionrings, thefriction-surfaces whereof engage those of the spring.

28. A friction device comprising a spring and a split friction-ringlocated between adjacent coils of said spring.

29. A friction device comprising a helical spring, and a friction-ringlocated between adjacent coils and having engaging frictional faces.

30. A friction device comprising, in combination, a continuous springand a frictionring cooperating by frictional surfaces with saidcontinuous springin the production of frictional resistance.

31. A friction device comprising, in combination, a helical spring and africtional ring having engaging frictional surfaces.

32. A frictional device comprising a continuous helical spring havinginclined friction-faces, in combination with a plurality of slipfriction-rings located between adjacent coils of the spring and havingcorresponding inclined friction-faces engaging those of the spring.

3,3. A friction device comprising a helical spring provided withinclinedfriction-faces, in combination with friction members locatedbetween adjacent coils and having cooperating frictional faces engagingthose of the spring.

34:. A friction device comprising a helical spring provided withinclined frictional faces, in combination with a split resilientfrictionring having friction-faces engaging those of the spring andlocated between adjacent coils.

35. A friction device comprising a spring provided with a frictionalface, in combination with a member having a frictional face adapted tocontact with the frictional face of the spring, said spring and memberbeing so disposed relatively to each other as to permit preliminarycompression of the spring without frictional resistance, and on furthercompression to exert yielding frictional resistance to the friction-faceon said spring.

36. In a friction device, a plurality of cooperating frictional elementsfitted between and in frictional engagement with two drums, one of whichis resilient, substantially as described.

87. In a draft-rigging,follower-plates, connections therefrom to adraw-bar, and yielding connections for the follower-plates comprising aplurality of frictional elements fitted between and in frictionalengagement with two drums, one of which is resilient, substantially asdescribed.

38. In combination with a coil-spring, a tubular resilient elementarranged within the coil and exerting an outward pressure on the innersurface of the coil.

39. In combination with a coil-spring, a resilient element arrangedw1th1n the coil and in contact with the inner surface of the coil andexerting a frictional pressure on the inner surface thereof, as the coilis compressed and expanded in use.

40. In an apparatus for the purpose specified, the combination with theresilient helices mated one within the other in position to effectfrictional engagement between and transverse stress of the convolutionsunder axial pressure,of cylindrical casings between which said helicesare located; substantially as described.

41. In an apparatus for the purpose specified, the combination with theresilient helices mated one within the other in position to effectfrictional engagement between and transverse stress of the convolutionsunder axial pressure, of resilient cylindrical split casings betweenwhich said helices are located; substantially as described.

RICHARD D. GALLAGHER, JR.

